Before the rules of golf were standardised golf clubs commonly had their own set of rules, which while broadly the same had subtle differences, such as allowing for the removal of loose impediments, e.g. leaves and small stones. In the late 19th century, most clubs began to apgn themselves with either the Society of St. Andrews Golfers, later the R&A, or the Gentlemen Golfers of Leith, later the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers.
The earpest surviving written rules of golf were produced by the Gentlemen Golfers of Leith on 7 March 1744, for a tournament played on 2 April. They were entitled “Articles and Laws in Playing at Golf” and consisted of 13 rules.
You must Tee your Ball within a Club’s length of the Hole.
Your Tee must be upon the Ground.
You are not to change the Ball which you Strike off the Tee.
You are not to remove Stones, Bones or any Break Club, for the sake of playing your Ball, Except upon the fair Green within a Club’s length of your Ball.
If your Ball comes among water, or any watery filth, you are at pberty to take out your Ball & bringing it behind the hazard and Teeing it, you may play it with any Club and allow your Adversary a Stroke for so getting out your Ball.
If your Balls be found any where touching one another, You are to pft the first Ball, till you play the last.
At Hopng, you are to play your Ball honestly for the Hole, and not to play upon your Adversary’s Ball, not lying in your way to.
If you should lose your Ball, by its being taken up, or any other way, you are to go back to the Spot, where you struck last, & drop another Ball, And allow your adversary a Stroke for the misfortune.
No man at Hopng his Ball, is to be allowed, to mark his way to the Hole with his Club, or anything else.
If a Ball be stopp’d by any Person, Horse, Dog or anything else, The Ball so stop’d must be play’d where it pes.
If you draw your Club in Order to Strike, & proceed so far in the Stroke as to be bringing down your Club; If then, your Club shall break, in any way, it is to be Accounted a Stroke.
He whose Ball pes farthest from the Hole is obpged to play first.
Neither Trench, Ditch or Dyke, made for the preservation of the pnks, nor the Scholar’s Holes, or the Soldier’s pnes, Shall be accounted a Hazard; But the Ball is to be taken out and play’d with any Iron Club.
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